Estimation of Dissolved Oxygen Levels using Landsat 8 Images: Application to Kuwait Territorial Waters

Al-Attar, I. and Almutawa, J., 2024. Estimation of dissolved oxygen levels using Landsat 8 images: Application to Kuwait Territorial waters. In: Phillips, M.R.; Al-Naemi, S., and Duarte, C.M. (eds.), Coastlines under Global Change: Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2024 (Doha, Qatar). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 113, pp. 514-518. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration is a crucial water quality parameter used in pollution assessments and water environments. Advancements in satellite technology have made remote sensing techniques essential for estimating DO concentration, making it a vital tool for monitoring water quality. This study used 15 water measurement stations in situ combined with Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data and geographic information system (GIS) to derive the dissolved oxygen of territorial water in Kuwait for sustainable management. The image acquisition dates were selected to be cloud-free from 2015 to 2018. Reflectance values of OLI band ratios (B2/B6, B5/B6) were compared with in situ measurements of water samples using three models: multiple linear regression, Kernal Gaussian regression, and polynomial regression. The images underwent radiometric and atmospheric corrections before creating the models. The proposed algorithms' efficiency was assessed using bias, mean square, and root-mean-square error values. The dissolved oxygen multiple linear regression models had reached a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.867. The Gaussian Kernel regression reached a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9786. The polynomial had reached a coefficient of determination (R2) 0.986, demonstrating the viability of applying Landsat 8 images to characterize dissolved oxygen in Kuwait Bay. Remote sensing was used to quantify dissolved oxygen by transforming satellite images into Dissolved oxygen maps using retrieved models for Kuwait Bay. The study's findings suggest that Landsat-8 when combined with GIS, can effectively retrieve the dissolved oxygen.