IMPACT OF ANEMIA ON OUTCOMES IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: A CLINICAL, PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PERSPECTIVE

Objective: To determine the outcome in hospital anemic patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome. Methodology: A single centred, prospective, cross-sectional study conducted from June 10 to December 09, 2022 on 147 patients with acute coronary syndrome along with anemia admitted in cardiology department of Sheikh Zayed Medical College/Hospital were included in the study after fulfilling inclusion criteria. Labs were recorded to document anemia (labelled as Hb less than 10mg/dl); along with other demographics and study parameters. These cases were followed to look for in- hospital cardiogenic shock, heart failure, recurrent infarction and/or death. Results: In this study there were total 143 cases out of which 93(65.03%) were males and 50(34.97%) females with mean age was 49.59±6.03 years. The frequency of DM was 21(14.69%), HTN was 47(32.87%), smoking was 38(26.57%). In the present study, cardiogenic shock was seen in 27(18.88%), heart failure in 32(23.38%), recurrent infarction in 28(19.58%) and mortality was seen in 8(5.59%) of cases. There was significantly high cases of cardiogenic shock in cases with STEMI affecting 22 out of 82 cases with p=0.03. Heart failure was also significantly high in cases with STEMI where it was seen in 23 out of 82 cases with p values of 0.04. Recurrent infarction was significantly high in cases with Hb less than 7 where it was seen in 11 out of 53 cases with p=0.04 and with STEMI with p=0.03. Mortality was also significantly high in cases with Hb less than 7g/dl where it was seen in 5 out of 53 cases. Conclusion: Complications are higher in cases having acute coronary syndrome along with anemia and the most common one seen is heart failure. Furthermore, cardiogenic shock, heart failure, recurrent infarction are significantly associated with STEMI while, recurrent infarction and mortality are significantly high in cases with Hb less than 7mg/dl.