THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PARENTING BEHAVIORS BETWEEN MONGOLIAN AND KOREAN MOTHERS

This work presented a comparative study on the parenting behavior of Mongolian and Korean mothers. 259 Korean and 222 Mongolian mothers with preschoolers aged 4 to 5, participated in this study. Based on the collected data, the following studies were conducted to analyze the differences between the parenting behaviors of Mongolian and Korean mothers. First, Cronbach's α was calculated for reliability verification according to the questions related to parenting behavior, and the subjects' general characteristics were identified by descriptive statistical analysis. Second, to analyze the average difference between countries, the gender of the child, and the mother employment interaction effect, an analysis of the difference between the two groups and an analysis of variance were performed. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed to identify the variables that differentiate between countries. SPSS 26.0 was used for data analysis, and statistical significance was determined based on the significance level of 5%. This work's outcomes were compiled as follows: Initially, the outcome of the comparison of mothers' parenting behavior in Mongolia and Korea, which correspond to the research question, were all confirmed. Comparing each sub-factor, Mongolia showed a high level in all sub-domains such as emotional expression, rule application, action permission, and achievement stimulus. In both countries, the emotional expression was the highest, while the behavior permission was the lowest. Second, there was no interaction effect based on the country and the child's gender. Comparing the two countries, Mongolian children showed a higher average overall than Korean children. However, in the case of autonomy, affection, and encouragement for achievements, the average value of Korean children was confirmed to be higher than those of Mongolian children. Third, there was no interaction effect depending on the country and the mother's employment. Comparing the two countries, employed mothers in Mongolia had higher overall factors than those of Korean mothers. But in the case of the autonomy sub-factor, the average values of employed and unemployed Korean mothers were high. When comparing the employed and unemployed mothers in both countries, unemployed mothers in Mongolia showed higher values. On the other hand, the average value of working mothers in Korea was high, showing results consistent with previous studies.