Bioactive compounds from Haloarcula sp. strain NOS1: Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-prostatic carcinoma integrated with molecular docking approach

Halophilic archaea are microorganisms that thrive in high salinity environments and have potential applications in pharmaceuticals and industry due to their bioactive compounds. However, many haloarchaea bioactivities remain undiscovered. In this study, Haloarcula sp strain NOS1 was isolated, identified, and subjected to in vitro assessment of its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-prostate cancer properties. The ethyl acetate extract demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, E. coli ATCC 8739, Candida albicans ATCC 10221, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 90274, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. Additionally, the bioactive compounds displayed dose-dependent inhibitory effects on blood hemolysis at varying doses, with percentages of 95.6%, 85.3%, 75.2%, 59.3%, and 46.5% at concentrations of 1000, 800, 600, 400, and 200 μl/mL, respectively. The cytotoxicity test revealed potential efficacy against the PC3 cell line, with an IC50 of 96.94% at concentrations varying between 62.5 µg/mL and 125 µg/mL. Furthermore, the bioactive compounds showed a notable ability to bind to prostate cancer proteins through a docking approach, with binding energy scores with the range of -5.6 to -6.6 kcal/mol. This suggests that these bioactive compounds could serve as promising therapeutic agents against pathogenic microorganisms and prostate cancer.