Action Versus State Orientation – Validation of the Action Control Scale for Teenagers (ACS-t)

Abstract: This research involves three studies refining and validating the Action Control Scale for Adolescents (ACS-t), measuring failure-related action control (AOF) and prospective action control (AOD). In Study 1, an initiative focused on developing a contemporary version of ACS-t, involving 24 items (12 for each scale) and validating it by interviews with teenagers aged 10–14. Results revealed satisfactory inner consistency (AOF: McDonald’s ω = .70; AOD: McDonald’s ω = .73). Study 2 explored the ACS-t’s applicability in understanding adolescents’ action control amidst crises. With data from 78 participants, inner consistency for AOF and AOD was again satisfying (McDonald’s ω = .76 for both scales). Multiple regression analyses unveiled significant links between AOF, AOD, and future anxiety, with gender differences playing a noteworthy role. Study 3, with a sample of 860 participants, assessed ACS-t’s psychometric properties. The scale exhibited good inner consistency (AOF: McDonald’s ω = .75; AOD: McDonald’s ω = .79). Converging validity was supported as AOF predicted self-relaxation and AOD predicted self-motivation. Exploring discriminant validity, AOD was more strongly related to achievement than AOF. The study provides valuable insights but highlights the need for ongoing refinement and diversification in future research to enhance ACS-t’s utility and applicability.