Fabrication of titania nanoparticles with reduced energy footprint using a novel low-temperature peptization method

Novel manufacturing techniques with reduced energy demands are essential to accelerate the transition to net zero. In this study, we introduce an innovative electrolyte dispersion peptization technique to synthesize crystalline titania nanoparticles at a lower temperature of 70 °C, addressing the concern about high energy consumption typically required by traditional methods like sol-gel synthesis. This approach not only bypasses complex processes such as layer-by-layer assembly and polymer/surfactant grafting but also reduces production costs due to its shorter reaction time and affordable raw materials. Comprehensive functional and microstructural analyses using the TEM, Raman, FTIR and XRD demonstrated the effectiveness of this method in reliably producing spherical nanoparticles with diameters in the range of 70–100 nm exhibiting a crystalline anatase phase. The performance of the titania nanoparticles produced by the peptization method was compared to those synthesized by the sol-gel process by evaluating their application in multifunctional organic coatings, specifically water-based emulsion polyacrylic (PA) and oil-based polyurethane (PU) coatings. Notably, the peptization method resulted in an enhanced static contact angle (CA) of approximately 150.5 ± 2°, approaching superhydrophobicity, which was superior to that achieved with the sol-gel method. Furthermore, these coatings exhibited exceptional antimicrobial properties, with over 95 % inhibition of bacterial growth ( E. coli and Bacillus), algae (green and mixed), and pathogenic fungi (Acremonium, Fusarium, and Trichoderma Harzianum). This method holds significant potential for preserving architectural works, leather, decorative items, and artwork. • A new method was developed to synthesize titania nanoparticles at a low temperature of 70 °C. • Characterization revealed that the nanoparticles had a diameter of 70–100 nm and exhibited the anatase phase. • These nanoparticles were incorporated as additives in the fabrication of polymer coatings. • The resulting coatings demonstrated superhydrophobic properties and remarkable antimicrobial activity.