ANALYSIS OF THE DRUG RESISTANCE SPECTRUM OF THE MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS STRAINS CIRCULATING IN THE REGIONS OF THE SIBERIAN AND FAR EASTERN FEDERAL DISTRICTS OF RUSSIA

Abstract. Introduction. Today, in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts of Russia, the situation with the incidence of tuberculosis is one of the most unfavorable. Aim. To analyze the phenotypic antituberculosis drug resistance spectrum of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains obtained from patients treated at Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute in 2020–2023. Materials and Methods. Standard bacteriological and molecular genetic methods of laboratory studies were used for this research. Results and Discussion. Resistance of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains obtained from patients ranges 52.8%–76.1% for the main antituberculosis drugs, while it ranges 38%–47% for fluoroquinolones, 29%–35% for aminoglycosides, 40% for capreomycin, 57.3% for ethionamide/prothionamide, 29.6% for aminosalicylic acid 29.6%, 8.9% for bedaquiline, and 7.5% for linezolid. The long-lasting and multiplying mycobacterial population supports the inflammatory process, which leads to its progression and, as a result, complicates the treatment. The incidence of drug-resistant strains to new antituberculosis drugs in sputum samples obtained from people excreting bacteria was for bedaquiline: 1.6% among newly diagnosed patients, 3.6% for the cases of the disease recurrence, and 1.3% for the cases of the chronic disease course; for linezolid: 3.2% for newly diagnosed patients, 4.3% for the cases of the disease recurrence, and 6.2% for the cases of the chronic disease course. Conclusions. The trend towards an increase in strains resistant to a wide range of antituberculosis drugs in the regions under study is observed for all antituberculosis drugs, which emphasizes the urgent need for both the intensive epidemiological monitoring of such resistance and, possibly, a revision of the algorithms for prescribing such drugs.