Scoping review of drug dosing recommendations in sustained low‐efficiency dialysis

The objective of this scoping review was to answer the question, "What has been published describing drug dosing in sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED)?" PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched on November 18, 2022. Methodology followed the Arksey and O'Malley framework for scoping reviews and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Two investigators independently screened abstracts and full-texts of citations identified related to drug dosing and SLED. Exclusion criteria included case reports, conference abstracts, pediatrics, treatment dialysis, and non-human subjects. A standardized data extraction sheet was used to collate and summarize data. The quality of evidence was evaluated by two investigators using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A total of 230 citations were identified for screening. Of these, 29 studies met criteria for inclusion after full-text review. Four drug groups including beta-lactam antibiotics, non-beta-lactam antibiotics, antifungals, and levetiracetam were identified. Dialysate rates, dialysis durations, and medication doses used varied widely across studies. Outcomes and pharmacokinetic parameters that were assessed were also heterogenous. Drug dosing in SLED is challenging and there is minimal evidence available to guide appropriate dosing. Larger studies are needed to more accurately determine how to appropriately dose medications in SLED. Therapeutic drug monitoring should be used in all patients on SLED when available.