Risk Factors for the Development of Olecranon Bursitis—A Large-Scale Population-Based Study

<b>Background:</b> Olecranon bursitis (OB) involves fluid accumulation in the bursa, with common causes being trauma and preexisting conditions. Its incidence is difficult to quantify, and risk factors such as diabetes, obesity, and male gender are frequently noted. Hyperlipidemia has been linked to musculoskeletal disorders, but its role as a risk factor for OB remains unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the association between OB and hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and statin use. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective cohort study analyzed a large-scale database (2005-2020), ultimately including 10,301 patients with olecranon bursitis and 44,608 controls after applying exclusion criteria. Participants were aged 18-90 years, with BMI between 10 and 55. Key variables such as smoking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, statin use, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) were analyzed. Logistic regression models were applied with stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for risk factors, and <i>p</i>-values were adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg method. <b>Results:</b> OB was significantly associated with male gender (OR: 1.406; <i>p</i> < 0.0001), hyperlipidemia (OR: 1.239; <i>p</i> < 0.0001), statin use (OR: 1.117; <i>p</i> = 0.0035), and smoking (OR: 1.068; <i>p</i> = 0.0094). Age and BMI were significant continuous variables influencing OB risk, particularly in older patients and those with elevated BMI. CVDs and diabetes were not significantly linked to OB. Hyperlipidemia increased OB risk, especially in males and individuals with higher BMI. <b>Conclusions:</b> Male gender, hyperlipidemia, and smoking are key risk factors for OB, with hyperlipidemia posing a notable risk in older individuals and those with higher BMI. Statin use did not significantly alter OB risk in hyperlipidemic patients. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms behind these associations.