Hepatoprotective Potential of Esculetin Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles (ESC-CNPs) in DMBA- Induced Mammary Carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley Rats

The hepatoprotective effects of Esculetin Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles (ESC-CNPs) were assessed in this work using a model of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinogenesis. DMBA (25 mg/rat) was injected subcutaneously once close to the mammary gland in Sprague-Dawley rats to cause mammary tumors. To find the ideal dose, several ESC-CNPs concentrations were taken orally. The evaluation of hepatoprotective effects involved the examination of liver marker enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP), enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, and GPx), and non-enzymatic antioxidants GSH, lipid peroxidative markers (TBARS and LOOH), phase I enzymes (NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase) and phase II enzymes GGT and DDT, lipid profile (TC, TG, PL, and FFA) and glycoprotein components (hexose, hexosamine, and sialic acid). The histology of liver tissue was also investigated with PAS staining. According to the results, ESC-CNPs treatment increased phase II detoxification enzyme activity and antioxidant levels in the liver while decreasing levels of liver marker enzymes, lipid peroxidation, phase I detoxification enzymes, lipid profiles and glycoprotein components in comparison to rats treated with DMBA. Furthermore, histopathological investigation validated ESC-CNPs ability to prevent liver damage caused by DMBA. This study employs statistical analysis through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to examine the differences between multiple groups in a given dataset.