Effect of Eco-Tourism Initiatives on Biodiversity Conservation in Protected Areas in Japan

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of eco-tourism initiatives on biodiversity conservation in protected areas in Japan. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Eco-tourism positively supports biodiversity conservation by raising awareness, generating funding, and promoting community involvement, especially in areas like Yakushima and Shiretoko. However, challenges such as over-tourism and weak enforcement can harm sensitive habitats. Effective management through zoning, visitor education, and stakeholder collaboration is key to ensuring eco-tourism’s sustainability and conservation benefits. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Stakeholder theory, common-pool resource (CPR) theory & social exchange theory (SET) may be used to anchor future studies on the effect of eco-tourism initiatives on biodiversity conservation in protected areas in Japan. Effective eco-tourism initiatives must prioritize participatory governance, ensuring that all stakeholders, particularly local communities, are actively involved in decision-making processes. Governments should strengthen legal frameworks to ensure eco-tourism operations are conducted responsibly and sustainably.