Electrospun Ba(Ti0.80Zr0.20)O₃-0.5(Ba0.70Ca0.30)TiO₃-CoFe₂O₄ multiferroic hybrid nanofiber for the localized piezocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants

Multiferroic Ba(Ti[Formula: see text]Zr[Formula: see text])O 3 -0.5(Ba[Formula: see text]Ca[Formula: see text])TiO 3 (BCTZ)@CoFe 2 O 4 (CFO) hybrid nanofibers (NFs) were fabricated by a sol–gel electrospinning. The perovskite structure of ferroelectric BCTZ and the spinel structure of ferromagnetic CFO coexist and are homogeneously distributed, and their interface along the perovskite [110] zone axis was directly observed. The indirect magnetoelectric (ME) coupling effect was observed from the magnetization versus temperature (M–T) curves, demonstrating a distinct singularity on the dM/dT curve near the ferroelectric Curie temperature ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]) of 387 K. The piezocatalytic rate of BCTZ@CFO multiferroic hybrid NF (2.6 × 10[Formula: see text] min[Formula: see text]) is higher than NP (1.9 × 10[Formula: see text] min[Formula: see text]) because the piezoelectricity of the one-dimensional (1D) multiferroic NF is higher than that of NPs, beneficial for the mechanical vibration-induced localized built-in electric fields for piezocatalysis under ultrasound.