The Negative Impacts of Light Pollution Caused by Satellite Mega-Constellations on the Environment and the Approach of International Space Law to the Issue

This study examines the environmental impacts of light pollution caused by satellite mega-constellations and the approach of international space law to this issue. The research analyses the technical impacts of satellite constellations on astronomical observations, wildlife, and cultural heritage from a technical perspective. The study demonstrates that satellitereflected light significantly affects both professional and amateur astronomical observations, disrupts natural behaviour patterns of migratory birds and sea turtles, and threatens traditional celestial practices of indigenous communities. Within the framework of international law, the study presents solution proposals in light of the environmental protection provisions of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty and fundamental environmental law principles established in international court decisions. The research concludes that states must conduct environmental impact assessments for space activities, establish minimum environmental standards to eliminate light pollution caused by satellite constellations, and promote international cooperation through UNOOSA to address these challenges. The study emphasizes the importance of balancing technological advancement with environmental preservation and cultural heritage protection.