The Effects of Snus Use on The Psycho-Physical Performance of Elite Soccer Players

Study aim(s): This paper aims to examine and analyze the impact of Snus use in sports, with a particular focus on football players. It explores the effects of Snus on health and athletic performance, delving into its physiological impact and contributing to discussions on sports ethics. Given the rising use of Snus in football, this study seeks to provide a broader understanding of its influence on physical, psychological, and social aspects. Methods: This study is a systematic review conducted following the PRISMA model standards. The initial search yielded 2657 papers from PubMed and 654 from Scopus. Through a rigorous elimination process based on PRISMA criteria, the selection was narrowed down to 17 papers from PubMed and 7 from Scopus for analysis. Results: The reviewed literature indicates that Snus use in sports poses risks to athletes’ health, including addiction, cardiovascular disease, and oral health issues. While some players use Snus to enhance concentration and manage stress, studies reveal that it offers no lasting benefits. Additionally, its use may set a harmful example for young athletes. Therefore, sports organizations must promote health awareness and educate athletes about these risks. Conclusion: Although some athletes use Snus for concentration and stress management, there is no solid evidence of actual performance benefits. Moreover, its use carries serious health risks, including addiction, cardiovascular issues, and oral health damage. In conclusion, more detailed studies are needed to understand its long-term effects. Notably, Snus is banned by WADA.