Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia Relapse After Transplant

Relapse of Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains a significant challenge, with relapse rates reaching up to 50%, contributing to poor survival outcomes. This paper explores the factors influencing relapse, including disease biology and persistence of residual disease. Current, post- transplant strategies, such as maintenance therapies and immunomodulatory treatments, are discussed for their potential to reduce the likelihood of relapse. It also highlights emerging therapies, such as CAR-T cell therapy, targeted therapies, epigenetic modulators, and innovative combinations being tested in clinical trials. The aim of the paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of existing and future approaches to improve patient outcomes by addressing relapse prevention in Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia following transplantation.