Advances in field effect transistor based electronic devices integrated with CMOS technology for biosensing

• zCMOS technology in biosensing applications. • Emphasis on field effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors. • Highlights advancements in analytical and bioanalytical fields. • Addresses unique contributions and future perspectives in biosensor technology. • Overcoming challenged with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). This review article embarks on an enlightening journey through the multifaceted realm of electronic devices and their applications in biosensing, emphasizing the role of Field effect transistor (FET) based biosensors and Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) processes in biosensing device development. It begins by elucidating the foundational principles of biosensing and underscoring the crucial contribution of transducers, establishing a robust understanding of the field. The article unravels the intricate interplay between electronic biosensors and CMOS processes, offering a concise yet insightful exploration of their operational intricacies, diverse practical applications, and recent advancements. Additionally, it spotlights the pivotal role of FET-based biosensors integrated with CMOS processes in miniaturizing biosensors and thus amplifying their real-world efficacy. Moreover, the role of modern technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), in recent biosensor development has been discussed. By addressing inherent challenges like sensitivity, integration, cost, and accessibility, the article underscores the vital role of biosensing technologies driven by electronic devices in wearable technology development. In addition, integrating these devices to fit with the ongoing trend of VLSI technology faces significant challenges. To overcome this aspect, sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) can be the best alternative, as they will avoid utilizing bioreceptors, as it simplifies integration by reducing complexity, enhancing stability, and improving compatibility with CMOS processes. Hence, this review's distinct contribution lies in its comprehensive approach, shedding light on how biosensing technologies, underpinned by electronic devices such as FETs and CMOS processes, offer solutions for realizing modern-day devices.