Occurrence, epidemiological studies and antibiogram of bovine mastitis bacteria among different geographical areas of Haryana

Mastitis is most prevalent disease in cattle and buffalo, causing huge economic losses to dairy industry due to decreased milk production and cost of treatment. The present study aimed to estimate the occurrence, epidemiology, etiological agents and their antibiogram profiling in four different districts of Haryana, India. In the present study, 77.54% (n = 3,943 out of 5,085) milk samples were detected mastitis positive by CMT, while 98.05% (n = 3,378 out of 3,445) milk samples were tested positive by culture examination. Quarter-wise, occurrence was detected in 67.66% and 55.62% of affected quarters in cattle and buffaloes, respectively. Overall, clinical and subclinical mastitis was found in 79.75% and 52.63% quarter milk samples, respectively. Of the 3445 animals, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were seen in 64.56% (n = 2224/3445) and 23.40% (n = 806/3445) cases, respectively. Antibiotic sensitivity assay revealed that gentamicin was most sensitive antibiotic against isolates followed by enrofloxacin, chloramphenicol and cefoperazone among all four districts of Haryana, India. Penicillin was found to be most resistant antibiotic among all four districts. Majority of gram-positive and gram-negative isolates of present study were detected as multidrug resistant (MDR). The findings of present study enhance our understanding of mastitis and factors affecting AMR in bacteria, which could be used for future prevention and control strategies.