Carbonate and Sandstone Reservoirs in CO2 Sequestration: Assessing Porosity and Permeability for Enhanced Storage Potential

Geological sequestration of carbon dioxide is one of the most efficient mechanisms to reduce atmospheric greenhouse gases. The potential of carbonate and sandstone reservoirs, which predominate in almost every part of the world, will be determined by the respective geological properties. This paper mainly underlines the porosity and permeability-dependent storage capacity and injectivity and trapping mechanism but emphasizes the complexity of the carbonate reservoir and predictability of sandstones. High-resolution imaging, digital rock physics, and AI-driven models would mark the innovation of the characterization and storage efficiency at the reservoir level. Practical insights emanating from the Sleipner and Weyburn-Midale projects outline several problems, including perhaps permeability loss, risk of leakage, and cost concerns. New approaches in hybrid reservoir systems and advanced monitoring are suggested to overcome these problems. Thus, a potential route for safer and more efficient CO₂ storage matched to reservoir-specific characteristics would be presented.