Postbiotic metabolites derived from lactobacillus fermentum as potent antiproliferative bioresources on HeLa cells with promising biocompatibility

Chemotherapy administrations for cervical malignancy possess a variety of unfavorable influences on the human body. Scientists are interested in microbial-derived biomolecules or postbiotics as an alternative therapeutic strategy in malignant patients. This research investigated the mechanisms related to the function of two potential postbiotic Lactobacillus isolates, Lactobacillus fermentum CH and L. fermentum KH, isolated from indigenous Iranian dairy products. The Lactobacillus isolates were recognized through 16S rDNA sequence analysis followed by characterization using morphological and biochemical assays. The bioactivity of postbiotics on the cervical cancer model was also assessed through a cytotoxic study and apoptosis analysis. In addition, the anticancer activity was evaluated by qPCR, followed by a confirmation of the flow cytometry. The results of the bioactivity assay revealed that these postbiotics had suitable anticancer influences on the cervical cancer model (HeLa cells) by increasing BAX, caspase8, and caspase9, followed by a decrease in BCl-2, iKB (Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B), and RelA gene expressions. Thus, the findings of this study signify that the postbiotic derivate from Lactobacillus strains isolated from indigenous Iranian dairy products could be regarded as a topical treatment with a promising curative index due to their effectiveness on cervical malignancy cells.