THE EFFECT OF VERAPAMIL ON THE STAGES OF ONTOGENESIS IN COTURNIX JAPONICA QUAIL EGGS

Introduction: Various studies have shown that the effects of the action of drugs, in addition to having positive effects, they can also provoke negative effects in different organs of the body. Verapamil is an L-type calcium channel antagonist with anti-arrhythmic (PR-interval prolongation), angina, and antihypertensive effects. Its mode of action in cardiovascular diseases is somewhat well elucidated. Verapamil has been successfully used for both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular indications and appears not to have a major effect on blood pressure in non-hypertensive populations. Animal studies show that Verapamil is highly concentrated in tissue, including lung, with concentrations 40-fold or higher than those in plasma. Verapamil has also neuroprotective effect in several acute neurotoxicity and nephroprotective effect against lead and cadmium toxicity. Purpose of the paper: This paper aims to study the effects of verapamil as a calcium channel blockerat different stages of embryonic development in Coturnix japonica eggs. The research of this paper will consist of the toxic effect and macroscopic and microscopic histopathological changes in certain stages of embryonic development of Coturnix japonica eggs. Material and method: The experiment was conducted in the Scientific Laboratory of Medical Science, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Tetovo, Republic of North Macedonia and in the Institute of Ecological and Technological, University of Tetovo, Republic of North Macedonia. In the study, 22 fertilized Coturnix japonica eggs were taken and incubated in the incubator for 16 days of incubation. The eggs were treated with Verapamil at certain stages of embryonic development. The eggs hatched on day 17. Using the stereomicroscope with the macroscopic and microscopic method were analyzed ontogenetic changes in certain stages of embryonic development. Results: The growth development of egg embryos was observed and studied. On the 17th day, the eggs were hatched. In addition to the effect on the weight of the injected eggs, an abnormal embryonic development was observed, with macroscopic defects and in many cases, stagnation of embryotic development. Conclusion: High injection doses of the antibiotic should not be usedbecause of its harmful effects. The use of antibiotics in Coturnix japonica eggs should be done with caution. The use of Verapamil with the dosage of 0.2mL did not yield successful.