Methods of prevention and preventive treatment of lesions of the gallbladder and bile tract that can be used in the process of rehabilitation

The authors highlight the mechanisms of dyskinesia of the biliary tract, gallbladder, and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (as preliminary mechanisms for the development of chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis) in the article. The authors focus on the role of rehabilitation measures, which they deem to be optimally effective. The importance of diet therapy and physical therapy in preventing biliary sludge is considered since it is a sign of calculous cholecystitis. The authors emphasize the usefulness of therapeutic massage, provided there is no exacerbation. It normalizes the activity of the autonomic nervous system; stimulates the tone of the gallbladder in the hypotonic form of dyskinesia and eliminates spasm in the hyperkinetic form; eliminates bile stagnation and prevents the formation of gallstones; and improves blood and lymph flow in the liver and other digestive organs. In order to develop adaptation mechanisms during remission, the authors recommend regular use of therapeutic and morning hygienic exercises, hydrokinesiotherapy, a health path, hiking and skiing, cycling, skating, swimming, rowing, sports, and outdoor games. The authors present the technique of segmental reflex and classical massage of the digestive tract, the paravertebral zones of the spinal segments C3–C4, D6–D10, the reflexogenic zone of the right half of the chest, and the areas of the solar plexus, abdomen, liver, and gall bladder. The authors emphasize the importance of physiotherapy in both preventive and therapeutic processes for gallbladder dyskinesia. Solux, UHF therapy, medicinal electrophoresis, UV irradiation, paraffin-ozokerite and mud applications are administered. The authors recommend electrical stimulation of the gallbladder's area and the right thoracic nerve for the hypokinetic form of gallbladder dyskinesia, which is characterized by atony of the walls. To improve the motor function of the gallbladder and bile ducts and the physicochemical properties of bile, the authors administer a drinking treatment with hydrocarbonate-chloride-sulfate-sodium-calcium-magnesium waters.