Modulated Mechanical Properties of Epoxy-Based Hybrid Composites via Layer-by-Layer Assembly: An Experimental and Numerical Study

In this study, epoxy-based composites were fabricated using a layer-by-layer assembly technique, and their mechanical properties were systematically evaluated. The inclusion of cellulose nanocrystals led to variations in the mechanical properties of the composites. These modified properties were assessed through tensile and flexural tests, with each layer cast to enhance strength. Due to the inherent characteristics of epoxy, a single specimen was fabricated through chemical bonding, even post-curing. This approach demonstrated that a three-layer structure, developed using the layer-by-layer method, exhibited improved elastic and flexural moduli compared to a single-layer composite. This improvement aligns with theoretical predictions, which suggest that stiffness increases when stiffer materials are positioned farther from the neutral axis in a layered structure. Furthermore, numerical analysis validated changes in stress distribution across each layer. Consequently, this method enables the production of composites with superior mechanical properties while minimizing the quantity of cellulose nanocrystals required.