A stochastic game model for infectious disease management decisions in schools

Infectious diseases pose a significant threat to the health and well-being of young children. Schools are often at risk of outbreaks owing to close interactions among students; therefore, they can implement measures such as enhancing hygiene practices or temporarily canceling classes to manage these infectious diseases during outbreaks. Meanwhile, parents face the difficult decisions of keeping their children at home, sending them to school unprotected or wearing masks, weighing the risks of exposure to potential disruptions in education and work. This study developed a stochastic game model to address this issue and analyzed the strategic interactions between schools and parents during outbreaks. The results highlight the significance of the estimated utilities and transition probabilities in shaping the decisions of schools and parents to manage school closures effectively, minimize disruption to education, and protect the health of students and communities.