Expression and clinical significance of programmed death ligand-1 evaluated by 22C3 antibody in pleural effusion metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer

Immunohistochemical detection of PD-L1 expression in malignant pleural fluid of advanced NSCLC provides a basis for clinical tumor immunotherapy. Immunohistochemical detection of PD-L1 expression in malignant pleural fluid of advanced NSCLC is minimally invasive, simple, and fast, particularly for metastatic NSCLC where malignant pleural fluid is the first symptom, offering significant clinical application value.