Early versus late infectious complications following chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell therapy

Despite increasing utilization of CAR T-cell therapy, data are lacking regarding long term follow up and risk of infectious complications after the early period following CAR T-cell infusion. In this study, we sought to compare epidemiology and risk factors for early (≤ 3 months) and late (3 months to 1 year) infections. Data were retrospectively collected at six time points: pre-CAR T, day of infusion, and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post CAR-T infusion for all consecutive adult patients treated at our institution. In this cohort, the cumulative incidence of any infection was 73.2% in the first year. Bridging therapy, CRS, neurotoxicity and steroid use were identified as contributing risk factors for early bacterial infections. After 3 months, community acquired respiratory infections were common. We characterize bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens based on time elapsed after CAR T-cell infusion.