Design and performance of a magnetic bottle electron spectrometer for high-energy photoelectron spectroscopy
We describe the design and performance of a magnetic bottle electron spectrometer (MBES) for high-energy electron spectroscopy. Our design features a 2 m long electron drift tube and electrostatic retardation lens, achieving sub-electronvolt (eV) electron kinetic energy resolution for high energy (several hundred eV) electrons with a close to 4π collection solid angle. A segmented anode electron detector enables the simultaneous collection of photoelectron spectra in high resolution and high collection efficiency modes. This versatile instrument is installed at the time-resolved molecular and optical sciences instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL). In this paper, we demonstrate its high resolution, collection efficiency, and spatial selectivity in measurements where it is coupled to an XFEL source. These combined characteristics are designed to enable high-resolution time-resolved measurements using x-ray photoelectron, absorption, and Auger-Meitner spectroscopy. We also describe the pervasive artifact in MBES time-of-flight spectra that arises from a periodic modulation in electron collection efficiency and present a robust analysis procedure for its removal.
Authors
- Taran Driver (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3761-6883)
- Daniel Rolles (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3965-3477)
- Xinxin Cheng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7586-8240)
- Agostino Marinelli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7248-4652)
- Erik Isele
- P. H. Bucksbaum (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1258-5571)
- Peter Walter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8839-1154)
- Ming‐Fu Lin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8086-2484)
- Kirk A. Larsen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3252-260X)
- Yusong Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5156-6720)
- Justin James (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9375-4797)
- N. Berrah (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3231-1164)
- James Cryan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7776-0919)
- Razib Obaid (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1759-4752)
- Adam M. Summers (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2694-4969)
- Thomas Wolf (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0641-1279)
- Kurtis Borne (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-4123)
- Emily Thierstein
- Xiang Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8338-4123)
- Jun Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1962-895X)
- Jordan T. O’Neal
- Andrei Kamalov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6909-0442)
Institutions
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Kansas State University (US)
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (US)
- Stanford University (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Review of Scientific Instruments
- Published
- 2024-12-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0223334
- Citations
- 2
- Primary Topic
- X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.22
Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities
- Office of Science
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
- Basic Energy Sciences
- Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists
- Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory