Assessment of the Knowledge of Healthcare Professionals Regarding Radiological Examination in Lactating Mothers: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study in the Kingdom of Bahrain

Objectives Breastfeeding is critical for a mother's health, as well as the development and survival of her infant. Healthcare personnel are a reliable source of information for breastfeeding mothers during and after radiological procedures, assuming their understanding is appropriate. As a result, this study analyzed healthcare professionals' knowledge of breastfeeding and radiological tests on lactating mothers. Methods A cross-sectional survey was implemented using a validated questionnaire containing 25 items about breastfeeding habits and radiation imaging including male and female healthcare staff in primary and tertiary hospitals in Bahrain. The survey comprised 384 responders who were doctors, nurses, radiology technicians, and other allied health professionals. Results In general, 284 (74%) participants scored outstanding knowledge on questions about the health benefits of breastfeeding for both mothers and newborns. However, there was a clear lack of awareness concerning the use of imaging modalities and contrasts on lactating mothers, with only 117 (30.5%) participants scoring an "Excellent" knowledge score. Factors associated with basic knowledge included breastfeeding practice, source of knowledge, and years of experience. The availability of CT/MRI/nuclear scans was one factor related to radiological imaging knowledge. Participants' age, academic background, and profession had strong correlations with fundamental and radiological knowledge. Conclusion Overall, health professionals' awareness and understanding of breastfeeding was average; there is a lack of knowledge of radiological imaging on lactating mothers, which may lead to the discontinuation of breastfeeding following radiological examination. Our study advises incorporating the impacts of exposure to radiological imaging into breastfeeding education programs to increase healthcare providers' knowledge and thereby encourage breastfeeding practice.