Nanocarriers Responsive to Light—A Review

The non-specific and minimally selective nature of traditional drug administration methods, along with various other limitations, makes the use of drug delivery systems more favorable. Light-responsive, or light-triggered, drug delivery systems provide more controlled and less invasive treatment approaches, addressing the shortcomings of traditional methods. In this paper, we reviewed studies utilizing light-triggered nanoparticles (NPs) for treating cancer and various other diseases, focusing on photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) in both in vivo and in vitro applications. Most of the reviewed studies employed synergistic approaches that combined PDT or PTT with other therapeutic methods to leverage the strengths of both techniques and enhance treatment efficiency or to overcome the individual limitations of each method, which is discussed extensively in this paper.