“Pure” or “Numerical” Jordan Form?

A new approach is proposed for modelling and monitoring bioprocesses dynamics characterized by different metabolic states.Bioprocesses cannot be described by a single model.For this reason, three phases characterised by the bioprocess are definedperiodic, exponential, and stationary.During each phase, the process passes through one or more physiological states.Each physiological state is described by a sub-model with a different structure and parameter values.The transition of the process from one physiological state to another is carried out by switching the sub-models based on a predefined key parameter.Monitoring is performed by a cascade of software sensors using the sub-models and real-time measurement of the concentrations of the main process variables.The proposed approach was tested by modelling and monitoring the Escherichia coli phytase production process.