Understanding the Effectiveness of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Interventions: A Counterfactual Simulation Approach to Generalizing the Outcomes of Intervention Trials
To realize the expected health gains, future WASH interventions must address community coverage and transmission along pathways not traditionally covered by WASH. The effectiveness of individual-level WASH improvements is reduced more the further the community is from achieving the coverage needed for herd protection. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15200.
Authors
- Benjamin F. Arnold (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6105-7295)
- Ayşe Ercümen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6002-1514)
- Andrew F. Brouwer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3779-5287)
- Alicia N.M. Kraay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7042-7048)
- Stephen P. Luby (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-899X)
- Matthew C. Freeman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-2572)
- John M. Colford (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3288-6956)
- Marisa C. Eisenberg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4221-830X)
- Amy J. Pickering (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6193-2221)
- Sania Ashraf (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7305-8922)
- Mondal Hasan Zahid (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1832-8974)
- Jade Benjamin‐Chung (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3631-3132)
- Mahbubur Rahman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0520-2683)
- Joseph N. S. Eisenberg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8019-296X)
Institutions
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Gates Foundation (US)
- North Carolina State University (US)
- Emory University (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (BD)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (United States) (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Stanford University (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Environmental Health Perspectives
- Published
- 2024-12-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp15200
- Citations
- 6
- Primary Topic
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.86
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation