Evaluating the Consequences of the 2023 Akosombo Dam Spillage into the Volta River on Fuveme Beach, Ghana (West Africa)

Angnuureng, B.D., Ofosu, G.T., Ayimbisa, A.E., and Almar, R., 2024. Evaluating the consequences of the 2023 Akosombo Dam Spillage into the Volta River on Fuveme Beach, Ghana (West Africa). In: Phillips, M.R.; Al-Naemi, S., and Duarte, C.M. (eds.), Coastlines under Global Change: Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2024 (Doha, Qatar). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 113, pp. 1021-1025. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Coastal erosion and flooding exacerbated by global climate change, are accelerating with human-induced factors. The Lower Volta Delta coastlines have long suffered erosion and floods attributed to restricted discharge from the Akosombo Dam. In October 2023, the Akosombo dam reached full capacity, leading to an abrupt release of a substantial volume of freshwater and sediment. This study aims to evaluate the repercussions of the dam spillage on the Delta and its coastline. Satellite images for 2023 and aerial images captured by drones between May 2023 and November 2023 were employed to assess geomorphological changes. During this period, the beach experienced an erosion of 11616.1 m3 of sand, with only 1016.0 m3 deposited. The dam discharge widened the estuary mouth, facilitating the inflow of saline water into non-saline areas. Notably, unprecedented sandbar erosion occurred east of the estuary, depositing sediment approximately 2 km downstream. The dam spillage also led to floods, uprooting seaweeds that were subsequently carried into the river and sea. These seaweeds accumulated on Fuveme Beach, underwent decay, emitting a strong odor that negatively impacted the environment, livelihoods, and overall visitor experience. The study underscores the considerable impact of inadequate dam management on coastal erosion and advocates for effective sustainable management policies to prevent such consequences in the future.