Food security: threats, challenges, opportunities

Relevance. The study, the results of which are presented in this article, is focusedon the specification of various aspects of providing the population with food products, both purely conceptual (clarification of some fundamental concepts in this research topic) and practice-oriented (identification of factors influencing the country’s food security both in a negative and positive way). Methods. The review and analytical methods used in the work and covering a scrupulous study of the results of modern research on the topic of food security and innovative practices for its provision in Russia and other countries of the world, give the obtained generalizations theoretical and practical significance. The information materials used in the study (including statistical ones), taken from official sources, including information from the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, international organizations, confirm its objectivity and reliability. Results. The main results of the study should include, firstly, the specification of the basic elements of the modern concept of food security, including (1) self-sufficiency in the most important types of agricultural products, (2) availability of important food products for the population of the country (region), (3) stability, flexibility and adaptability of the environment that determines the provision of the population with basic types of food, secondly, an assessment of the current level of food security in the Russian Federation, thirdly, the definition of key factors influencing the achievement of food security in the context of modern challenges and threats of a biological, climatic and geopolitical nature