Decoding rural connections: A comparative insight into social network analysis in rural communities of China and beyond

Social Network Theory and methods have emerged as pivotal tools for dissecting intricate interdisciplinary issues in rural communities. This study aims to systematically delineate the application characteristics and trends of Social Network Analysis (SNA) in rural community research. Using a twofold approach, we integrate a traditional literature review and CiteSpace bibliometric analysis to assess the application status and evolutionary trends of SNA methods in this context. The key findings include the following: ① Chinese research trends: scholars predominantly concentrate on the “three rural” issues (related to agriculture, rural areas, and small-scale farmers) and social support mechanisms for vulnerable rural populations. With policy shifts, rural revitalization, tourism, governance, social trust, and multi-dimensional poverty are poised to emerge as hot topics for the future. For further refinement, we suggest that the application of SNA in rural community research could benefit from content expansion, long-term studies, and innovative modelling techniques. ② Research by international scholars has been primarily directed toward the physical and mental health of rural residents, as well as socioeconomic issues. Despite these studies covering a range of typical cases across various nations, a conspicuous lack of thorough, systematic, and prolonged efforts focused on rural community development in specific regions remains. Additionally, health issues affecting rural residents are expected to sustain long-standing and focused international academic attention. This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the current applications and potential future directions of SNA in rural community studies, both in China and internationally.