IoT-Based Smart Irrigation System for Sustainable Sugarcane Cultivation: Enhancing Resource Management and Optimizing Crop Yield

Effective resource management is crucial for enhancing yield and sustainability in sugarcane cultivation. India, as the second-largest producer, is experiencing an 8% projected decline in sugar output for 2023-2024. This research introduces an IoT-driven smart irrigation system designed to boost efficiency and productivity. The system utilizes sensors for soil moisture, temperature, rainfall, and NPK to monitor critical parameters in real-time. Data processed through Arduino technology is relayed to farmers via SMS notifications. An automated relay module manages water distribution according to predetermined thresholds, optimizing usage and reducing irrigation errors. Findings reveal that the system can decrease water consumption by up to $25 \%$ while increasing crop yield by $15 \%$. This methodology fosters sustainable water practices, timely fertilization, and adaptability to climate variability, thereby addressing water scarcity in sugarcane agriculture.