Resilient and Redactable Blockchain With Two-Level Rewriting and Version Detection

The immutability of blockchain has exposed its limitations in adapting to rapidly evolving legal requirements and preventing malicious misuse. To address these issues, transaction-level redactable blockchain solutions based on the policy-based chameleon hash (PCH) have been introduced. These solutions allow users to create transactions and encrypt trapdoors under specific attribute policies. However, current transaction-level rewriting schemes face two security challenges: Firstly, transactions encrypted with the invalid trapdoor are difficult to rewrite; Secondly, due to lacking version detection on transactions, malicious modifiers may rollback the version of the transaction to launch a reversion attack. In this paper, we present a resilient and redactable blockchain (RRB) with 2-level rewriting and transaction version detection. Specifically, we propose a new redactable blockchain structure that supports both transaction-level and block-level rewriting. To tackle the invalid trapdoor problem, we propose two protocols: a fine-grained, controllable transaction-level rewriting protocol and a centrally controlled block-level rewriting protocol. Moreover, for the transaction reversion attack, we design a version detection mechanism for RRB by using an accumulator. Through security analysis and performance evaluation, we demonstrate the security and practicality of our RRB scheme.