Mapping Malaria: Utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Spatial Analysis of Transmission Hotspots in West and East Africa

Malaria remains a critical public health challenge in East and West Africa, necessitating innovative approaches to control and prevention strategies. This review explores the utilization of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for mapping malaria transmission hotspots, thereby enhancing spatial analysis and targeted interventions. By integrating socio-economic, environmental, and epidemiological data, GIS provides a robust framework for identifying high-risk regions and understanding the spatial dynamics of malaria transmission. Key methodologies employed include spatial clustering techniques, remote sensing, and predictive modeling, which collectively enable the visualization of malaria incidence patterns and the identification of underlying risk factors. Findings from recent GIS studies underscore the correlation between malaria transmission and various environmental and socio-economic determinants, revealing crucial insights into the dynamics of the disease. The implications for public health strategies are significant, emphasizing the need for targeted resource allocation, improved surveillance systems, and data-driven policy development. Despite the promising applications of GIS, challenges such as data limitations, integration of local knowledge, and capacity building persist. This review concludes with recommendations for future research directions aimed at enhancing GIS methodologies and fostering sustainable malaria control efforts in the region. Keywords: Malaria, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), spatial analysis, transmission hotspots, West Africa