Study on the supply-demand balance of electric vehicle charging facilities: a case study of Shenzhen

The growing adoption of electric vehicles has made the optimization of charging infrastructure an urgent priority. However, existing studies on the supply-demand balance of new energy infrastructure has often overlooked key factors such as cost, distance, convenience, and user preferences. This research proposes a method that used a Transformer-based model to calculate the selection probability of charging facilities, incorporating these critical factors. In a case study conducted in Shenzhen, the method showed that for half of the plots, the supply-demand balance was accurately reflected. However, 30% were overestimated and 20% were underestimated compared to traditional models. The main contribution of this study lies in providing a dynamic and more accurate approach to electric vehicle infrastructure planning, which could serve to better align charging supply with real-world demand.