Optimization of container scheduling considering the use of foldable container

The imbalance in global trade has led to an uneven distribution of empty containers worldwide, resulting in difficulties in cargo transportation. For instance, import-dominated ports are experiencing container congestion, while export-dominated ports face container shortages, negatively impacting the development of the maritime economy. To address these issues, this study considers the use of foldable containers when utilizing the remaining capacity of vessels for empty container repositioning. A multi-period linear programming model has been developed to minimize overall container scheduling costs. This method fully utilizes transportation resources, improves logistics efficiency, and is more environmentally friendly. The numerical experiment results indicate that shipping lines can effectively reduce operating costs by using a certain number of foldable containers during their container scheduling processes.