Carbon nanotubes: Structure, properties and applications in the aerospace industry

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a significant element of nanotechnology, characterized by an exceptional length-to-diameter ratio exceeding 1,000,000. Various methodologies have been devised to manufacture CNT. These technologies show promise for use in multiple fields, including nanoelectronics, biotechnology, material science, polymers, composites, and textiles. The utilization of these new materials is expected to significantly influence future aircraft and space vehicles, especially in the aerospace sector. This is mainly owing to their exceptional thermal, mechanical, and electrical capabilities. This study comprehensively appraises the prospects of using carbon nanotubes in the aerospace sector. It draws from their current practical use and predicted future usage. Focus is directed toward the future application of carbon nanotubes, which might potentially include lightweight structural components, conductive materials for aircraft systems, composite materials and reinforcements, thermal management systems, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, advanced sensors, nanoelectronics, fuel cells, energy storage systems, space elevators, tether applications, aerogels, and insulation materials, nanocomposites for aircraft coatings area. This paper provides more insights into the recent practical uses of carbon nanotubes in aircraft technology along with the existing and potential obstacles associated with their utilization in aerospace science.