IoT-Integrated Home Energy Management System with Real-Time Monitoring and Solar Panel Optimization

In this study, an IoT-integrated Home Energy Management System (HEMS) was developed using solar panels as the primary energy source. The system employs an ESP32 microcontroller as the core controller, equipped with DHT22, LDR, and INA219 sensors to monitor temperature, humidity, light intensity, voltage, and current. Real-time sensor data is presented on a web interface, allowing users to monitor system status and control devices like fans and lights either manually or automatically. The system demonstrated stable performance with a control response time of under one second and effective energy management aligned with environmental conditions. However, a key limitation was the limited capacity of the 10 Wp solar panel, particularly during low sunlight periods. To address this, enhancements such as improved load management or increased solar panel capacity are recommended. The system successfully implemented real-time monitoring and automated control, activating the fan at temperatures above 30 degrees Celsius and turning on lights when light intensity is below 1000 lux. This research highlights the potential of IoT technology in achieving efficient and sustainable home energy management.