Evaluation of Moringa oleifera biodiesel and ethanol blends: Impact on fuel properties and mathematical modeling

This research explores the synthesis and characterization of biodiesel derived from Moringa oleifera oil, specifically focusing on the effects of ethanol blending on its fuel properties. Utilizing M. oleifera , known for its high fatty acid content and oxidative stability, this study evaluates the production of M. oleifera biodiesel (MB) and the physicochemical properties of M. oleifera biodiesel—blended ethanol. The methodology encompasses thorough experimental procedures, from oil extraction to biodiesel production, including treatment steps like degumming, neutralization, and transesterification. Advanced mathematical modeling techniques, such as the Jouyban–Acree model, are employed to analyze the impacts of ethanol blending on key properties like viscosity and density. Ethanol blending significantly modifies these properties, with improvements of approximately 10% in viscosity and 8% in density, potentially allowing the fuel to meet or exceed conventional diesel standards. Thereby supporting the adoption of MB blends in energy applications for reduced environmental impact. • Exploration of Moringa oleifera oil as a viable feedstock for biodiesel production. • Comprehensive analysis of biodiesel derived from Moringa biodiesel and its blends with ethanol. • Effect of ethanol blending on the fundamental fuel properties like viscosity and density. • Utilization of advanced mathematical modeling to predict and enhance fuel performance.