Baccaurea ramiflora fruit peel powder supplementation prevented inflammatory cell infiltration, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administered ovariectomized rats

• Baccaurea ramiflora fruit peel powder possesses strong bioactive antioxidants such as gallic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rosmarinic acid, etc. • Antioxidant-rich Baccaurea ramiflora fruit peel powder supplementation prevented increased transaminase activities, lipid peroxidation, and restored antioxidant enzymes in the plasma and liver. • Baccaurea ramiflora fruit peel powder prevented hepatic necrosis and fibrosis. • Baccaurea ramiflora fruit peel powder supplementation prevented anti-inflammatory gene expression and restored the antioxidant gene expression in the liver. Natural compounds derived from plants have demonstrated therapeutic effects in various liver-related disorders. This study explored the impact of Baccaurea ramiflora fruit peel powder on oxidative stress and fibrosis in hepatic damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) in ovariectomized rats. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was done on Baccaurea ramiflora fruit peel powder extract to confirm the presence of phenolic antioxidants. Female Long Evans ovariectomized rats, weighing between 220 and 260 gs, were allocated into five groups. All of the rats were sacrificed at the end of the study to examine the physiological parameters and oxidative stress markers, and tissue samples were obtained. In addition, the process of histological staining of liver sections was done for inflammation as well as tissue fibrosis. The HPLC study of Baccaurea ramiflora fruit peel powder extract revealed the presence of gallic acid, caffeic acid, trans-ferulic acid, rutin hydrate, and rosmarinic acid. Administration of CCl 4 in rats resulted in elevated plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities. Supplementing rats with Baccaurea ramiflora fruit peel powder in CCl 4 administered rats significantly decreased the transaminase activities in plasma. CCl 4 administration in rats resulted in an elevation of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. The oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) were significantly reduced by Baccaurea ramiflora fruit peel powder supplementation in CCl 4 -administered rats. The catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were also restored in the plasma of CCl 4 -administered rats. The results are comparable to the effects of silymarin therapy in rats that were administered CCl 4 . Baccaurea ramiflora fruit peel powder also modulated the oxidative stress genes and suppressed the inflammatory genes in the liver of CCl 4 -administered rats. These findings indicate that Baccaurea ramiflora fruit peel powder supplementation can offer protective effects against liver damage induced by CCl 4 . This protection is achieved by mitigating lipid peroxidation, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, alleviating fibrosis, and enhancing the cellular antioxidant system. The beneficial effect of Baccaurea ramiflora fruit peel powder on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rats.