The Evolution of Hindu Jurisprudence Integrating Ancient Ethical Foundations with Contemporary Legal Frameworks

Hindu jurisprudence, deeply rooted in the ancient principles of Dharma, Artha, Kama, and Moksha, represents a rich legal and philosophical tradition that has evolved over millennia. This paper explores the foundational texts—Shruti, Smriti, and other commentaries—that have guided Hindu law, emphasizing their continued relevance in modern legal systems. Central to Hindu jurisprudence is the ethical concept of Dharma, ensuring societal harmony and justice. Complementing this are Artha, which governs economic policies; Kama, regulating personal desires; and Moksha, the ultimate spiritual goal. The study highlights the enduring influence of these principles on contemporary Indian law, from family laws under the Hindu Marriage Act and Hindu Succession Act to broader secular laws emphasizing equality and social justice. It also examines the reformist contributions of Swami Dayananda Saraswati and Swami Vivekananda, who synthesized Vedic ideals with modern values, advancing gender equality and social justice. Concepts like Sarva Dharma Sambhav and Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam are analyzed as reflections of Hindu pluralism and their role in shaping a constitutional ethos that promotes inclusivity. This paper underscores how Hindu jurisprudence has adapted to modern challenges while preserving its ethical core, offering insights into its potential to guide global legal and moral discourse in an increasingly interconnected world.