A temporal post-occupancy risks management model for high-rise strata via 3D city modelling approach

Abstract As urban populations grow and space becomes scarcer and more expensive, the demand for housing increases, leading to the proliferation of high-rise residential structures. These buildings offer developers a means to accommodate more units and optimise land use. Nonetheless, high-rises come with a range of hazards, both natural and artificial, that pose risks to residents and developers as well. This research aims to develop a conceptual framework to manage post-occupancy hazards in high-rise residential strata under management corporations using a 3D city model approach. Examples of hazards this research will consider pertinent to high-rise buildings include child safety, fire hazards, water seepage hazards, and electrical failure potential, among others. The model consists of two phases of management: pre-hazard management and post-hazard management. Pre-hazard will focus on risk assessment to avoid actual hazards through measures such as fire drills and training, regular maintenance, and programmed routine assessments, among others. Post-hazard will focus on response actions, including response time expectation, evacuation strategy, and communication with residents and stakeholders. The 3D city model is uniquely beneficial in offering urban spatial dynamics and an imaginative view of possible vulnerabilities to established hazards. The findings of this research will support developers, building managers, and the policy community in understanding various hazards and responding effectively to high-rise spaces’ occupational hazards in the increasing urbanisation era.