CAPTAÇÃO DE ÓRGÃOS E TECIDOS: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DOS DESAFIOS NO CONTEXTO SOCIAL, CIENTÍFICO E DE SAÚDE.

The process of organ and tissue donation is a surgical procedure based on replacing organs and tissues that have permanent functional insufficiency in a sick person (recipient) with another normal organ or tissue from a donor. In 2021, Brazil performed more than 12,000 transplants through the SUS, but these numbers are still scarce given the progressive increase in the waiting list. The purpose of this study, an integrative literature review, was to categorize and summarize the main factors that hinder the process of organ and tissue procurement and donation.The analysis included 14 studies published in the last 5 years in relevant databases, LILACS, Nursing Database – BDENF, SciELO and PubMed. The main challenges related to the process of organ and tissue procurement and donation were associated with a lack of training and knowledge on the part of professionals, as well as difficulties in communication between professionals and family members, stemming from sociocultural, emotional and spiritual roots; fear of the illegal sale of organs contributing to low adherence to organ and tissue donation, culminating in a public emergency. It can be concluded that the lack of clarification and awareness of the subject are decisive factors in adherence or non-adherence to the practice of organ donation while alive or after a diagnosis of brain death. It is therefore necessary to invest in infrastructure, theoretical research and professional qualification processes, which is essential for rationalizing procedures and improving standards and routines.