System dynamics modeling to evaluate impacts and opportunities in plastic recycling

The improper management of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), especially plastics, poses a significant environmental and economic challenge. This study employs the System Dynamics methodology to model and compare plastic recycling scenarios, evaluating their environmental and financial impacts as well as opportunities within a circular economy. Three scenarios were simulated, varying disposal and recycling rates, demonstrating that increased recycling reduces CO₂ emissions, enhances financial gains, and contributes to sustainability. The results indicate that more robust waste management strategies are essential to minimize environmental impacts and generate socioeconomic benefits. Future studies are recommended to expand the analysis to other types of municipal solid waste.