Assessment of Challenges and Recommendations for Success When Implementing Assisted Reproductive Technology Programs in Developing Countries in the Tropics (Tanzania)

When successfully implemented, an assisted reproductive technology (ART) program could revitalize the genetics of smallholder farmers. This case study explores the challenges faced when an ART program was implemented in Tanzania and recommendations for success when establishing similar programs. Presently, indigenous cattle in Tanzania produce 1–2 liters of milk per day. A successful ART program could increase production more than tenfold, producing more than enough to sustain both calf and human needs. Developing embryos via in vitro fertilization specifically for the region’s needs creates more well-adapted animals with higher productivity. The creation of more efficient dairy animals will reduce methane per unit of milk produced meaning improved animals will be more climate-smart than current animals. More efficient production will also reduce the total herd size needed to provide for the human population, thus decreasing competition with wildlife for forages, especially during dry seasons. These goals are all made possible through complex collaborations with government branches (Tanzania Livestock Research Institute), private businesses (Born Animal Biotechnology), and other colleagues and departments within the University of Illinois (Animal Nutrition, Forages, Soil Science, etc.).