Morphological Study of the Mechanisms of Formation of Adhesions in the Abdominal Cavity and Exposure to Oxidized Dextran in an Experiment

Introduction. Abdominal adhesions occur in diseases of the abdominal cavity and pelvic organs, reducing the quality of life of patients, leading to severe complications. The mechanisms of formation of adhesions are associated with inflammatory reaction and fibrosis, insufficient phagocytosis. Materials and methods . In male Wistar rats ( n = 20), the formation of adhesions was induced by laparotomy, drying and scarification of the peritoneum. Spontaneous formation of adhesions was researched in on the 7th and 21st days. Rats in group 1 (control), group 2 animals were intraperitoneally injected with aqueous solution of oxidized dextran. Researched the number of macrophages and neutrophils in inflammatory infiltrates, numerical density of cells, expressing TNFa, IL-1, E-cadherin, CK-18, Vimentin. Results. In rats treated with oxidized dextran (group 2), the content of neutrophils on the 7th and 21st days in infiltrates was lower, and macrophages were greater, the numerical density of cells expressing IL-1 and TNFa was lower, comparatively with control group animals. The expression of Vimentin, E-cadherin, CK-18 was more pronounced in animals of the 1st group on the 7th day of the experiment. On the 21st day there were no differences in the expression of Vimentin, E-cadherin between the groups, and the expression of CK-18 was higher in group 2 rats. Conclusion . Oxidized dextran affects the functional state of macrophages, prevents the expression of IL-1 and TNFa, promotes more effective phagocytosis, preventing the formation and fibrosis of adhesions, prevents the expression of markers of the mesenchymal to epithelial transition, contributing to the regeneration of the mesothelium.