Valve seat insert materials for diesel internal combustion engines

Increasing the power of modern diesel engines and the use of exhaust gas recirculation inevitably causes an increase in mechanical and thermal loads, as well as an increase in the corrosive effect on valve seat inserts. To prevent accelerated wear of valve seat inserts, it is necessary to develop specialized materials that have higher wear resistance and corrosion resistance than traditional materials. The article discusses the main groups of traditional materials for valve seat inserts of diesel engines produced by standard casting technologies: modified martensitic stainless steels, modified martensitic tool steels, cobalt- and nickel-based alloys. An analysis of scientific and technical literature on new generation materials for valve seats insert of diesel engines developed by leading foreign companies and found commercial application was carried out. The analysis showed that the main trend in the development of materials for valve seat inserts is the desire to replace expensive cobalt- and nickel-based alloys with iron-based alloys with a martensitic, ferritic or austenitic matrix, in which increased hot hardness and wear resistance are provided by adjusting the microstructure and using additional strengthening mechanisms. The development of Russian materials for intake and exhaust valve seat inserts capable of operating at higher temperatures and pressures in more aggressive environments is an important scientific and technical task