A Real Time Frequency Response Control Strategy Design Method for Virtual Control Unit

By utilizing virtual power plant technology, a vast array of distributed energy resources on the distribution side can be aggregated into virtual control units (VCU), allowing them to function as independent entities that can be directly regulated by the grid control center to participate in frequency response control. This approach helps alleviate the shortage of frequency response resources caused by the withdrawal of conventional units due to the large-scale integration of renewable energy sources. However, there has been limited research on the implementation models and control strategies for frequency response control of distributed energy resources (DER). This paper investigates the real-time control modes and control strategies for distributed energy resources within virtual control units. Based on the analysis of factors influencing the operational states of three types of distributed energy resources-electric vehicles, energy storage, and demand response-we identify concise and efficient reporting information that reflects their operational status. By integrating existing regulation processes with the response characteristics of distributed energy resources, we select suitable rolling control modes and time scales, thereby designing a control mode and workflow characterized by “online budgeting and real-time control.” Using the reporting information and control mode as a foundation, we establish a real-time control model for distributed energy resources. Simulation results demonstrate that the constructed model can optimize the allocation of distributed energy resources, maximizing the benefits of the virtual control unit while fulfilling the assigned control responsibilities.